Corporal Punishment And Its Effect On School Children

Every effort is made to distribute our findings so that all of the public cannot ignore the wholesale infliction of pain and suffering onto our school children, and the role â€Å"paddling† schools play in teaching our children that physically aggressive and coercive resolutions of conflict are legitimate. Contributing to the problem of violence by making children feel rejected and isolated, corporal punishment is unsafe in and of itself, but its discriminate application may be co-incident with problems unique to racial and gender identity and esteem, as well as academic and social confidence and competence. Through familiarity, or the result of apathy or biased reasoning, people apparently can become accustomed to disproportionality. Most of us seem to accept as legitimate the percentages of involvement in retributive punishment that would be, in the opinion of this author, the most astounding overrepresentations. These corporal punishment figures and their proportions are not secreted away, outside of public view. Yet they seem to lack sufficient general interest to sustain public concern over the issue. Through generations of exposure, it seems that we casually accept the presumption that any penalty imposed by our institutions must, therefore, fit an offense for which that penalty is just. This is the conclusion that we believe the fellow students who are exposed to paddlings draw: if one of society’s representatives of authority is striking someone, then he or sheShow MoreRelatedEffect of Corporal and Non-Corporal Punishment on Academic Achievement of Elementary School C hildren with Reference to Gender and Board of Education1808 Words   |  8 PagesEffect of Corporal and Non-Corporal Punishment on Academic Achievement of Elementary School Children with Reference to Gender and Board of Education S.V.Sindhu and Mahjabeen The present investigation attempts to study the effect of corporal and non-corporal punishment on academic achievement of elementary school children with reference to gender and Board of education. A random sample of 180 elementary school children belonging to the age group of 10 years, both boys and girls hailing from CBSERead More Corporal Punishment in Schools Essay1340 Words   |  6 PagesCorporal Punishment in Schools I wrote this paper for Contemporary Moral Issues class. This was an assignment of our choice and I chose to do this topic, because the week before in Intro to Education we had discussed discipline methods and I was astonished to learn that corporal punishment still existed in schools. I am hoping that by including this piece of work on my webfolio others will become aware that corporal punishment is alive and used often in our schools. In theRead MoreEffectiveness of Corporal Punishment1320 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Hitting people is wrong – And children are people too† (Hammarberg, T. 2007). It is often very difficult to decide what form of punishment is most efficient in eliciting avoidance behaviors. For a number of years the debate about the use and effectiveness of corporal punishment by teachers has divided educators, parents and ministry officials. As a result, researchers has tried their best to determine whether punishment or harm to a child does indeed thwart misbehavior and encourageRead More Corporal Punishment Essay895 Words   |  4 PagesCorporal punishment is a very controversial topic that is being discussed amongst educators across the nation. Corporal punishment refers to any physical form of punishment, but in this case it refers to in schools. Currently there are many different terms used to label corporal punishment, for example, it has been called spanking, paddling, caning, lashing, popping, smacking, whipping or beating. Each term carries its own different meaning, but they all represents some form of corporal punishmentRead MoreCorporal Punishment919 Words   |  4 PagesCorporal punishment is a very controversial topic that is being discussed amongst educators across the nation. Corporal punishment refers to any physical form of punishment, but in this case it refers to in schools. Currently there are many different terms used to label corporal punishment, for example, it has been called spanking, paddling, caning, lashing, popping, smacking, whipping or beating. Each term carries its own different meaning, but they all represents some form of corporal punishmentRead MoreCorporal Punishment And Its Effect On Children1708 Words   |  7 Pagesviewpoint on corporal punishment; some of the reviews take a look at who is most affected by corporal punishment in terms of focusing their lens on race, socio-economic status, gender, culture etc. Some also take a critical look at the advantages and disadvantages of corporal punish ment. Some take a look at the widespread of corporal punishment in the US. Cases against corporal punishment and the effect of corporal punishment on children were also looked into. With all the different ways corporal punishmentRead MoreCorporal Punishment in Schools1484 Words   |  6 PagesCorporal Punishment in Schools Corporal punishment is the deliberate infliction of pain as retribution for an offence, or for the purpose of disciplining or reforming a wrongdoer, or to deter attitudes or behaviour deemed unacceptable (Miller, Vandome, amp; McBrewster, 2009). Corporal punishment can be divided into three categories, these include: judicial, domestic and school. For the purpose of this essay we will be focusing on school corporal punishment, the advantages and guidelines to followRead MoreCorporal Punishment Should Be Banned1459 Words   |  6 Pagescourse, it is no surprise that corporal punishment against school going children is one of the most controversial topics throughout the globe, including within political, academic, and general public debates at large. A detailed review of available literature on the topic reveals that the academic discussion is divided into those who argue that corporal punishment is effective and necessary in schools, and those who argue that the risks and disadvanta ges of corporal punishment far outweigh its benefitsRead MoreCorporal Punishment in Schools Should Be Abolished1125 Words   |  5 PagesCorporal punishment in schools should be abolished Corporal punishment has been used in schools as a way of handling disciplinary problems. It refers to school rules which allow students to be punished using physical pain without causing injury. It is believed that using punitive method can promote students’ obedience and reduce problematic behaviour. As a result, it can decrease the number of disciplinary cases and maintain order inside the classroom. Indirectly, it will help to build students’Read MoreThe Effects Of Corporal Punishment On Children932 Words   |  4 PagesChildren and Corporal Punishment Punishing children has been one of the most controversial parenting topics this generation has seen. Physical punishment or corporal punishment is simple defined as the use of physical force with the purpose of initiating pain, but not wound, to teach the proper behavior of a child. Corporal punishment has been used for many centuries in schools and in homes but the use of such techniques have since decreased and are not being used in many places today. Evidence

Descriptive Statistics An Definition Of Statistics Essay

Introduction to descriptive statistics help: Definition of Statistics: In simple terms, statistics is termed as a branch of mathematics which basically deals with collection of data and its subsequent analysis and interpretation both qualitatively and quantitatively. In most of the cases the data is numerical, but there are also cases when the data is non-numerical such as relationship between objects. Without statistics, it would be difficult to maintain anything numerical in nature and extremely difficult to go through the daily routines of life. Imagine watching a baseball match or basket match without knowing the score of each team or imagine going to a super mart trying to find the latest manufactured milk product without having the manufactured date printed on the milk product carton. The person who is well versed in statistics is called a statistician and is supposed to have a good knowledge and understanding of the ways to collect data, maintain data, interpret/analyse data and finally present the data. Help on Overview of Descriptive Statistics Types of statistics: There are many kinds of statistics being used out of which the most commonly used one is descriptive statistics which can be further sub-classified as numerical descriptive statistics and pictorial descriptive statistics. Other forms of statistics are inferential statistics, psychological statistics, business statistics and so on. Examples of Statistics Numerical 1. Frequency distribution toShow MoreRelatedDescriptive and Inferential Statistics1122 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: DESCRIPTIVE AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS 1 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics DESCRIPTIVE AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICS 2 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics Descriptive and inferential statistics are incredibly similar forms of research testing within psychology. Each seeks to analyze, describe, and possibly predict a population’s behavior. As with psychology itself, statistical analysis within psychology began as a philosophy (Goodwin, 2008). This philosophy quicklyRead MoreDescriptive and Inferential Statistics Paper1139 Words   |  5 PagesDescriptive and Inferential Statistics Paper PSY 315 Descriptive and Inferential Statistics Whether doing original research or conducting literature reviews, one must conclude what a powerful and versatile tool statistics are in the hands of researchers. From basic statistics such as data description, to using complex statistical methods to foresee future patterns or strengthen scientific claims about current climates, the role of statistics in research cannot be taken lightly and is essentialRead MoreDescriptive Research Method1058 Words   |  5 PagesDescriptive Research Methods (Ch. 12) Case Studies: Detailed analysis of a single (or limited number) of people or events. Case studies are usually interesting because of the unusualness of the case (Three Faces of Eve, Mind of a Mnemonist) and/or the detail and apparent insightfulness of the conclusions drawn by the writer (e.g., Freud’s cases such as ‘Little Hans’). The major problem with case studies is the problem of objectivity. The person who is presenting the case usually has some theoreticalRead MoreTime to Practice – Week One924 Words   |  4 Pages------------------------------------------------- University of Phoenix Material Time to Practice – Week One Complete both Part A and Part B below. Part A Some questions in Part A require that you access data from Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics. This data is available through the Student Textbook Resources link. 1. By hand (without using SPSS), compute the mean, median, and mode for the following set of 40 reading scores: SUMMARY 31 | 32 | 43 | 42 | 24Read MorePsych 625 Week 1 Individual Assignment Time to Practice Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pageshttp://workbank247.com/q/psych-625-week-1-assignment-time-to-practice/2895    Time to Practice – Week One      Complete  both Part A and Part B below.      Part A   Some questions in Part A require that you access data from  Statistics for People Who (Think  They) Hate Statistics.  This data is available on the student website under the Student Test Resources link.   Ã‚   1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By hand, compute the mean, median, and mode for the following set of 40 reading scores:    SUMMARY    31 | 32 | 43 | 42 | Read MoreTime to Practice 1991 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity of Phoenix Material Time to Practice – Week One Complete both Part A and Part B below. Part A Some questions in Part A require that you access data from Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics. This data is available through the Student Textbook Resources link. 1. By hand (without using SPSS), compute the mean, median, and mode for the following set of 40 reading scores: SUMMARY |31 |32 |43 |42 | |24 |34 |25 |44 | |23 |43Read MoreStatistics Is Making Sense Of Common Data And Knowing When You Use Data Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pageswill speak about what I would’ve learned about statistics if I had an instructor that was helpful and fostered the spread of education. Statistics is making sense of common data and knowing when you use data analysis techniques, and formulas while making connections between them. Statistics enables the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data. According to David Hand (2016), â€Å"One good working definition of statistics might be that it is the technology of extractingRead MoreCritical Thinking Essay example1031 Words   |  5 Pagesare the value assumptions and conflicts?What are the descriptive assumptions? | Demonstrates solid understanding of value conflicts and assumptions and descriptive assumptions, clearly identifies and succinctly discusses the major descriptive and value assumptions and value conflicts in th e memo. Demonstrates clear understanding of the difference between value assumptions and descriptive assumptions. | Demonstrates some understanding of descriptive and value assumptions and value conflicts, identifiesRead MoreAnalyzing Models And Observing Factors934 Words   |  4 Pagesmaterials. A specific description for data collection process is exhibited in Chapter 4. Hypotheses Testing Procedure. In the beginning, the researcher analyzed organized raw data, which were collected from November 2015 to February 2016, by descriptive statistics approach with the outcomes of the median, mode, mean, maximum minimum values of variables, standard deviation, Kurtosis, and Skewness. Subsequently, feedback variables were examined by normality tests to see if the data surely perform aRead MoreIntroduction to Statistics1505 Words   |  7 Pagesbetter decisions when they use all available information in an effective and meaningful way. The primary role of statistics is to to provide decision makers with methods for obtaining and analyzing information to help make these decisions. Statistics is used to answer long-range planning questions, such as when and where to locate facilities to handle future sales. 2 Definition s Statistics is defined as the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data

Generally Accepted Auditing Principles Essay Example For Students

Generally Accepted Auditing Principles Essay Generally Accepted Auditing Principles Generally Accepted Auditing Principles There are many different types of audits including financial statements audit, the operational audit and the compliance audit. Either an internal auditor or an external auditor from another firm can conduct these various audits. â€Å"The American Accounting Association defines auditing as a systematic process of objectively obtaining and evaluating the accounts of financial records of a governmental, business, or other entity based on established criteria† (www. referenceforbusiness. com, 2009). Essentially the review is done to enable an accountant to assess the representations of management and to consider whether the financial statements conform to the generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. There are several elements of the general accepted auditing standards or GAAS. Some of the elements of the GAAS include independence in fact and appearance, professional care in performing the audit, internal control evaluation, evidence sufficient to base an opinion, according to GAAP, consistency and the technical training and proficiency of the auditor. All of these elements play equally important roles in the GAAS and all elements should be qualities of an auditor. The auditor is required to make very difficult decisions and to abide by all the standards for their profession. Therefore to be an auditor is a difficult and stressful career that many people will not be able to do. The elements of the GAAS are very important when pertaining to financial, operational and compliance audits. In financial, operational and compliance audits, it is important to have independence in fact and appearance because the auditor will be held responsible for the information that they provide. Many people rely on the information that auditors provide and the information the auditor provides must not sway from the facts. It is also important that the auditor takes professional care in performing the audit so that information is not overlooked or the wrong assumptions are made. The auditor must also be very aware of the internal controls of the business. If he company has poor internal controls, it leaves more room for unethical behavior. Auditors need to be able to recognize this and to report accurately on it. Before an auditor writes up the report for either the financial, operational or compliance audit, they must gather sufficient evidence to base their opinion. It is against most policies and unethical to provide an opinion if the auditor does not have all the facts. This could l ead to the creation of wrong opinions that can hurt the business, the auditor or the investors that rely on the information that is provided. Auditors are also responsible to abide by the GAAP. The GAAP is set up to create standard rules that all publicly held companies are responsible to follow and the auditor must also ensure the business if following these rules. Consistency is also important when conducting an audit because the results must be able to be understood by the target audience. The auditor should also be consistent in how they perform the audit so that the results do not vary from audit to audit due to inconsistencies of the actual performance of the audit. Since the auditing profession is held to such a high standard, the auditor should also keep up to date on all technical or legal training. This will ensure that the auditor is providing the most up to date information that the audit requires. A financial audit is an audit designed to examine the financial statements, records and related operations to determine if the business is adhering to the GAAP. This means that the auditor will determine whether the company has followed the financial reporting standards. .ue4217fc9f6224cf7dfda28dd38b198fe , .ue4217fc9f6224cf7dfda28dd38b198fe .postImageUrl , .ue4217fc9f6224cf7dfda28dd38b198fe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue4217fc9f6224cf7dfda28dd38b198fe , .ue4217fc9f6224cf7dfda28dd38b198fe:hover , .ue4217fc9f6224cf7dfda28dd38b198fe:visited , .ue4217fc9f6224cf7dfda28dd38b198fe:active { border:0!important; } .ue4217fc9f6224cf7dfda28dd38b198fe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue4217fc9f6224cf7dfda28dd38b198fe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue4217fc9f6224cf7dfda28dd38b198fe:active , .ue4217fc9f6224cf7dfda28dd38b198fe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue4217fc9f6224cf7dfda28dd38b198fe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue4217fc9f6224cf7dfda28dd38b198fe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue4217fc9f6224cf7dfda28dd38b198fe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue4217fc9f6224cf7dfda28dd38b198fe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue4217fc9f6224cf7dfda28dd38b198fe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue4217fc9f6224cf7dfda28dd38b198fe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue4217fc9f6224cf7dfda28dd38b198fe .ue4217fc9f6224cf7dfda28dd38b198fe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue4217fc9f6224cf7dfda28dd38b198fe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Chemistry of crime EssayAn operational audit is designed to examine the organizations activities to assess the performance of the business and to develop various recommendations to improve the use of the business resources. Finally, a compliance audit is designed to determine whether an organization is following established procedures or rules. The company that I currently work for conducts compliance audits to ensure that businesses are adhering to their wholesale security agreement and are following all government rules and regulations. As an auditor, it is my responsibility to adhere to all the policies that my company imposes on myself and to follow all government rules and regulations while conducting the audit. The Sarbanes Oxley act has had many affects on audits of publicly traded companies. The Sarbanes Oxley act is designed to protect investors of publicly traded companies because they are presumed to be at a further distance from the management of the company and are therefore more vulnerable to inaccurate reporting. Title I of the Sarbanes Oxley act creates an independent Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, which is under the Securities and Exchange Commission. The PCAOB regulates, registers, inspects and oversees companies that audit publicly traded companies. Title II of the Sarbanes Oxley act legislates the behavior of auditing firms. â€Å"Its most important provisions severely restrict auditing firms from carrying out compensated activities for their auditing clients that fall outside the boundaries of auditing narrowly viewed† (www. efinitions. uslegal. com, 2009). This prevents auditing companies from engaging in other activities that could affect the auditing standards. For example, the auditing company will not be able to provide services like bookkeeping, accounting, financial information systems design, or appraisals to the company in which they audit. This is because the audit firm may be influenced in their audit practice in favor of a client from which they are gettin g other profitable business. Title II also requires that audit partners are audited every five years of service auditing a client and also prevents financial officers of the audited firm from ever having been employed by the audit company. Title VIII also relates to the auditing profession because it requires the auditor to keep all paper work related to the audit for five years. This title also makes it a felony for anyone to destroy documents or to create fraudulent documents to thwart federal investigations. In my current job, we are required to keep all documentation that we obtain from the business we audit and to mail it to our office for safekeeping. As auditors, internal auditors ensure that we are following all of the company rules and regulations and ensure that we are not putting the company in any unnecessary risk for violating these laws. Because of both the Sarbanes Oxley act and the PCAOB, auditors are more valuable now than what they were years ago. Both the Sarbanes Oxley act and the PCAOB make penalties for creating fraudulent reports more severe than they ever were before. Both also place more regulations on the auditing industry to help prevent major losses to investors due to inaccurate reporting. I believe that both are very important in the current environment because in a time of recession, it can be very easy for large corporations to create inaccurate financial reports to help keep the company stocks high. References: Auditing. (2009). Retrieved from: http://www. referenceforbusiness. com/encyclopedia/Assem- Braz/Auditing. html on August 13, 2010. Sarbanes Oxley Law Legal Definition. (2009). Retrieved from: http://definitions. uslegal. com/s/sarbanes-oxley/ on August 13, 2010.

The Various Forms of Love in Twelfth Night Essay Example For Students

The Various Forms of Love in Twelfth Night Essay Love is arguably the most popular theme for writers and readers alike throughout the entire history of literature. It provides the fundamental framework around which spawn the many other conspiracies and sub-stories that make up an entertaining read. Twelfth Night is no exception to this theory, with love being the focal point, right the way through. Every person in the play undergoes his or her own encounter with love in some form, with each characters experience differing from the next. A multitude of different manners of love are explored in this work, with all having their own consequences and provoking a variety of reactions in the reader. We will write a custom essay on The Various Forms of Love in Twelfth Night specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The play is mainly concentrated on the difference between selfish and selfless love. Probably the best example of the former is Malvolio, Olivias respectable yet conceited steward. In his very first appearance in the play he is accused of being sick of self-love after condemning Festes attempts to cheer up Olivia. He does not enjoy light-heartedness and is constantly criticising Sir Tobys misdemeanours and Festes humour with disapproval, cold and cutting. Throughout the play his language is pompous and superior, even when addressing Olivia. He does not speak in the same manner as the other servants and his expression is more like that of an aristocrat. He seems almost unaware of his inferior social status but the others take some delight in reminding him of it: Go, sir, rub your chain with crumbs (II.3.101). Malvolio often oversteps his position by rebuking the other members of Olivias house, even though both Sir Andrew and Sir Toby are of a higher social status than himself. Led by Maria, a trap is set for Malvolio to uncover him as the overweening rogue they believe him to be. Prior to his discovery of the letter he is overheard by Maria, Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, Feste and Fabian (who are in hiding so as to witness Maria gull him into an ayword with her letter) speaking his own graces. He has delusions of grandeur and fantasises about one day becoming Count Malvolio, meaning he has intentions on his mistress. He includes in his speech sexual references towards Olivia that anger those watching: Having come from a day-bed, where I have left Olivia sleeping (II.5.41). He has aspirations far above his rank, which seem to justify what the other characters have planned for him: Now hes deeply in. Look how imagination blows him (II.5.37). He relishes the power this would give him over Sir Toby in particular and he imagines giving Toby an austere regard of control whilst instructing him to amend his drunkenness. He manages to personally offend each of the people hiding there in the bushes, which only go to spur them on the more. Upon discovering the letter Malvolio is immediately drawn in. He recognises Olivias handwriting on the front of the letter saying, her very cs, her us, and her ts. In Elizabethan times, cut was slang for the female genitals; so, once again he associates Olivia with sex. His readiness to believe that she loves him is conceited and this, along with the fact that he has overstepped his position on several occasions, only goes to make the joke funnier. When he appears before Olivia, smiling maniacally, wearing yellow stockings and being cross-gartered you realise how out of character the letter has compelled him to be. However, he does this because he believes Olivia loves him and he goes through with the instructions out of care for her. To begin with, Malvolios punishment seems well justified but as the play goes on there is a much darker ring to it and you feel terribly sorry for him. He is kept in a dark cell, treated like an object and made to think that he really is mad: They have here propertied me: keep me in darkness, send ministers to me, asses, and do all they can to face me out of my wits (IV.2.77-79). I feel that the truth should have been known long before the end as Malvolio exits determined to be revenged on the whole pack of you. Throughout his torment, however, Olivia remains concerned for him and her affection for her steward is probably the truest she feels in the whole play. I feel that Malvolio has taken up the role of brother and father for Olivia and this is why she is so anxious for his welfare: I would not have him miscarry for half of my dowry (III.4.56-57). Another character wishing to command Olivias affections is Orsino. He opens the play with a famous declaration of love: If music be the food of love, play on (I.1.1). He is consequently established as a lover of profligate proportions, indulging his hyperbolic passion for a woman who has made it obvious she is not interested. It is apparent that he does not know Olivia as an individual: instead his language is full of amorous clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s and preoccupied with the wonderful masochism of unrequited love: And my desires like fell and cruel hounds, / Eer since pursue me (I.1.22-23). His love is utterly self-absorbed as he is more concerned with himself as a lover than with the alleged object of his love, thus suggesting he is narcissistic. In the opening scene he envisages that he will ultimately be one self king of Olivias affections, signifying a marital hierarchy rather than mutuality. .u9cc9ffa1f642380afbe8ed00bc846a9b , .u9cc9ffa1f642380afbe8ed00bc846a9b .postImageUrl , .u9cc9ffa1f642380afbe8ed00bc846a9b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9cc9ffa1f642380afbe8ed00bc846a9b , .u9cc9ffa1f642380afbe8ed00bc846a9b:hover , .u9cc9ffa1f642380afbe8ed00bc846a9b:visited , .u9cc9ffa1f642380afbe8ed00bc846a9b:active { border:0!important; } .u9cc9ffa1f642380afbe8ed00bc846a9b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9cc9ffa1f642380afbe8ed00bc846a9b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9cc9ffa1f642380afbe8ed00bc846a9b:active , .u9cc9ffa1f642380afbe8ed00bc846a9b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9cc9ffa1f642380afbe8ed00bc846a9b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9cc9ffa1f642380afbe8ed00bc846a9b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9cc9ffa1f642380afbe8ed00bc846a9b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9cc9ffa1f642380afbe8ed00bc846a9b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9cc9ffa1f642380afbe8ed00bc846a9b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9cc9ffa1f642380afbe8ed00bc846a9b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9cc9ffa1f642380afbe8ed00bc846a9b .u9cc9ffa1f642380afbe8ed00bc846a9b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9cc9ffa1f642380afbe8ed00bc846a9b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Wizard of Oz Spoof EssayIt is from this self-centredness that Viola is able to nudge him. Telling the story of her sister, she draws his thoughts from his own preoccupations and alerts his attention from his love for Olivia to the possibility of female love. After this intimate discussion with Viola, Orsino does not appear again until the end of the play and by this time, his emotional reliance on Cesario has obscured his love for Olivia. It is for this reason that when he believes Olivia and Cesario to be married, his hurt and sense of betrayal falls not on his worshipped mistress but on his page: But this your minion, whom I know you love, / And whom, by heaven, I swear, I tender dearly, / Him will I tear out of that cruel eye / Where he sits crowned in his masters spite (V.1.114-117). The proposed marriage between Olivia and Cesario shocks Orsino into a declaration of love. However, this time not the usual and self-indulgent idioms of his love for Olivia but a dynamic, fervent, violent desire for Cesario: Ill sacrifice the lamb that I do love (V.1.119). Through Violas disguise, she and Orsino have discussed many subjects and they have got to know one another well before acknowledging each other as lovers: Thou knowst no less but all: I have unclasped / To thee the book even of my secret soul (I.4.12-13). There is, however, a lingering sense that it was the boy Cesario who Orsino fell in love with. His final words to his bride stress the homoerotic foundations of their relationship: Cesario, come- / For so you shall be while you are a man (V.1.362-363). However, in this scene he shows how he has been educated out of narcissistic infatuation and into a relationship based on mutual intimacy. The former object of Orsinos affections, Olivia, is a portrayal of self-denying and self-deceiving love. A great deal is heard about Olivia before her first arrival in the play and this comprehensive introduction is wholly appropriate for a character who is the hub of so many different peoples desires and perceptions: the romanticizing love of Orsino and Sir Andrew, the self serving aspirations of Malvolio, the freeloading of Sir Toby and the satiric wit of Feste. When we are introduced to her she is mourning the loss of her brother and has vowed to deny the love of any man for seven years: like a cloistress she will veiled walk. The veil she wears is a fitting symbol: perhaps we never really know what motivates this woman who first shuns love and then quickly falls in love with Cesario. When Olivia first meets Cesario in I.5, her language changes from being standoffish to warm. They speak in prose, suggesting a relaxed kind of intimacy, and this is stressed when Olivia dismisses Maria and her attendants to be alone with him. Cesario speaks to Olivia as if she was an equal and he even accuses her of being too proud. This freshness, however, only seems to attract Olivias affections all the more. She clearly thinks highly of her own good looks (Ist not well done?) and Orsino is getting nowhere in telling her of them continuously. She relishes the thought of Orsino loving her with adorations, fertile tears, with groans that thunder love, with sighs of fire, as this feeds her vanity but she dismisses him. All the men she has been close to have died and I think this is why she dismisses Orsinos advances and is so warm to Viola-Cesario: they speak as two women although Olivia has not yet realised this. Her urgent desire for Cesario deflected her into an unintended marriage with Sebastian but she does not seem perturbed by her new husbands revelation that she is betrothed both to a maid and a man. I believe that this accidental marriage is a kind of punishment for Olivias excessive behaviour earlier on in the play. This is also evidence that Olivia really is driven by external appearances. There are some parallels between Olivia and Orsino, the principal one being that they both fall in love with Viola. They both equate love with sickness: Orsino talks of his appetite for love sickening and dying and Olivia likens the rapidity of her love for Cesario to catching the plague. They are both sentimental and where Olivia sends Malvolio to run after that same peevish messenger so as to give him a ring, Orsino sends Cesario with a ring for Olivia. Such trinkets can only be seen as sentimental. The manifestation of love evident in Violas character is arguably the only form of true love in the play. Our first encounter with Viola is on the shores of Illyria, believing her beloved twin brother lost in the shipwreck. Throughout the play she is a stranger in a potentially hostile land but in the midst of all her sorrow she demonstrates immense bravery and ingenuity in resolving to dress as a boy and enter the service of Orsino. It appears that she has also lost her father but unlike Olivia she does not respond to the loss by retreating into herself. Viola could be described as the catalyst of the play: she is the go-between for Orsino to Olivia and moves between their households, she has individual conversations with Olivia, Orsino, Malvolio, Feste and Sebastian and, as such, is the major connective energy between the different characters and plot strands. Her arrival breaks up the stalemate of Orsinos excessive and unrequited love for Olivia and helps Olivia break out of her self-imposed mourning. .uec39464767bc6f0925e5d55f67e1e265 , .uec39464767bc6f0925e5d55f67e1e265 .postImageUrl , .uec39464767bc6f0925e5d55f67e1e265 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uec39464767bc6f0925e5d55f67e1e265 , .uec39464767bc6f0925e5d55f67e1e265:hover , .uec39464767bc6f0925e5d55f67e1e265:visited , .uec39464767bc6f0925e5d55f67e1e265:active { border:0!important; } .uec39464767bc6f0925e5d55f67e1e265 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uec39464767bc6f0925e5d55f67e1e265 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uec39464767bc6f0925e5d55f67e1e265:active , .uec39464767bc6f0925e5d55f67e1e265:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uec39464767bc6f0925e5d55f67e1e265 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uec39464767bc6f0925e5d55f67e1e265 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uec39464767bc6f0925e5d55f67e1e265 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uec39464767bc6f0925e5d55f67e1e265 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uec39464767bc6f0925e5d55f67e1e265:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uec39464767bc6f0925e5d55f67e1e265 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uec39464767bc6f0925e5d55f67e1e265 .uec39464767bc6f0925e5d55f67e1e265-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uec39464767bc6f0925e5d55f67e1e265:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Parental Conflict between Juliet and her father EssayVery early on in the play, Viola falls in love with Orsino but she still carries his messages of love to Olivia: this is evidence of her immense tenacity. She is not self-seeking but self-sacrificing and her language is always sincere. She speaks the most moving and heartfelt lines about love in the whole play and it is by this that she is able to steer Orsino and Olivia away from their selfishness. Viola tackles Olivias advances as honestly as she can and was Olivia less blinded by her infatuation, she would recognize Violas hints: I am not what I am (III.1.126) and Shall mistress be of it, save I alone (III.1.145). However, Olivia fails to identify Violas double meaning and therefore shames herself at the end of the play. Orsino too does not pick up on Violas subtle insinuations yet he too falls in love with Viola even though he believes her to be a man. The strongest and truest love Viola possesses is that for her brother, Sebastian. When they finally find each other at the end there is an emotional reunion and they seem to completely forget their company. It becomes obvious just how alike they are when Antonio comments they are like a division of one another, an apple cleft in two. It is not until V.1.225 that Viola is addressed by her real name (Thrice welcome, drowned Viola) and thereafter she speaks her own name twice in ten lines. There is a sense, therefore, in which she is not a complete person until she is reunited with her twin. It is interesting that Orsino continues to call her Cesario to the end. Sebastians close friend, Antonio, also demonstrates unwavering and devoted affection for Sebastian. He is the only character in the play who knows who he loves, expresses that love and acts selflessly because of it. He saves Sebastian from the wreck and risks imprisonment by following him into Illyria, he freely gives him money and he offers to take Sebastians place in the duel with Sir Andrew. His actions are all prompted by his affection, expressed in brief soliloquy: I do adore thee so (II.2.35). However, despite all of Antonios devotion, there is no conclusion for him at the end of the play. Sebastian, in the midst of all the celebrations, doesnt spare a single word for this man who has protected and aided him. I think it is fair to speculate that Antonios love may not have been entirely platonic as his feelings carry a vehement undertone unusual between friends. Ultimately, though, Antonio is a victim at the end: Sebastian scarcely seems to register, let alone earn, the self-sacrificing devotion he receives from Antonio. A different form of love we have not yet encountered is that between Sir Toby and Maria. When Sir Toby speaks of Maria, his language is full of sexual references but Maria deflects these remarks fondly with her coy wit. In II.3.149 he calls her Penthesilea and he describes her as one that adores me. They seem to have an understanding of one another and where most women would take offence, Maria takes part in the jovial repartee. Sir Toby seems highly impressed by Marias devising of the trick against Malvolio, so much so that he talks of marriage: I could marry this wench for this device..And ask no other dowry with her but such another jest (II.5.150-152). The true extent of Sir Toby and Marias relationship is not apparent until the final scene where Fabian announces their marriage. Much of their courtship went on off stage but this ending after all of Sir Tobys continuous merry making and over indulgence in alcohol is the perfect conclusion. Sir Andrew Aguecheek is portrayed in the play as a fool. His words almost always echo Sir Tobys: he seems to have no voice or an opinion of his own and is merely a shadow of Sir Toby. He is also a shadow of Orsino in that his absurdly unreciprocated pursuit of Olivia is a fainter version of Orsinos passion. He is characterised as a blundering fool who does not understand Sir Tobys French, who misinterprets words and uses them incorrectly, who must borrow wooing terms from a page and whose masculinity is questioned by Maria: A dry jest, sir (I.3.63), suggesting impotence. Despite this, Sir Andrew Aguecheek is an endearing character and you cannot help feeling sorry for him as there is a hint of a past life lost in his wistful words I was adored once, too (II.3.153). There is a multitude of different manners of love explored in Twelfth Night, all of which bind the characters to its storyline. I feel that in conclusion, Shakespeare wanted to put forward his own version of that romantic clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ true love conquers all, with Viola being true love incarnate. She helps both Olivia and Orsino realise the true nature of love and she, the heroine, is the only character to find complete happiness at the end.